How does the biopsychosocial model influence PT assessment and treatment planning?

• A. Focuses solely on physical impairment
• B. Considers biological, psychological, and social factors
• C. Ignores patient preferences
• D. Is rarely used

Answer: (B)

The biopsychosocial model recognizes that pain and function arise from biological, psychological, and social influences. In PT assessment, this broad view means looking beyond range of motion or strength to include how beliefs about pain, mood, fear of movement, coping strategies, sleep, and stress affect function. It also means evaluating social context such as work demands, family support, transportation, and access to care, all of which can shape recovery and adherence. This helps identify barriers that could predict poorer outcomes and signals when additional supports are needed.

In treatment planning, the approach integrates physical rehabilitation with strategies that address these non-physical factors. You might provide education to reduce fear and improve pain self-management, use graded activity or exposure to rebuild confidence in movement, and incorporate stress reduction or coping techniques. If social or environmental barriers are present, you coordinate with other professionals or resources, such as vocational rehab or social services, and involve the patient in goal setting to align the plan with their values and preferences. This comprehensive, patient-centered strategy improves engagement and functional outcomes.